English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Mimetic (sound of hesitation)

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɜː/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɜː
• Used in non-rhotic dialects. Compare uh.

Interjection[edit]

er

1. Said when hesitating in speech.
   • 2012, Linda Miller, Desire and Destiny:

     If he—er—disappears—well, it seems to me that we'd both benefit.

   • 2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, "Story" (Mona), in Shovel Knight Showdown (version 4.1), Nintendo Switch:

     Liquid Samurai: 'FORMLESS AND INFINITE ARE WE, THE LIQUID SAMURAI. I SERVE MY QUEEN, AS WE HAVE FOR COUNTLESS--' / Mona: 'HEY, I DON'T MEAN TO INTERRUPT, BUT YOU SEEM LIKE YOU'RE MADE OF POWERFUL STUFF. CAN I, ER, STUDY YOU?'

Verb[edit]

er (third-person singular simple present ers, present participle erring, simple past and past participle erred)

1. (informal) To utter the word "er" when hesitating in speech, found in the phrase um and er.

   He ummed and erred his way through the presentation.

See also[edit]

• ah
• uh
• um

Anagrams[edit]

• 're, RE, Re, Ré, r.e., re, re-

Afrikaans[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /æːr/

Noun[edit]

er (plural erre or ers, diminutive erretjie)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

Alemannic German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Cognate with German er.

Pronoun[edit]

er m

1. (personal) he; it

Declension[edit]

Breton[edit]

Contraction[edit]

er

1. Contraction of e ur (“in a(n)”).
2. Contraction of e ar (“in the”).

Cimbrian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• èar (Sette Comuni)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. (Luserna) he, it

Inflection[edit]

References[edit]

• “er” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Cornish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [eːɹ]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *eriros (“eagle”) (compare Breton erer, Welsh eryr, Old Irish *irar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“large bird”).

er (an eagle)

Noun[edit]

er m (plural eryon or eres)

1. eagle

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

er m (plural erys)

1. heir

Etymology 3[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

er

1. Soft mutation of ger.

Crimean Tatar[edit]

Adjective[edit]

er

1. every

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛr]

Noun[edit]

er n

1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

Further reading[edit]

• er in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• er in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Danish ær, Proto-Germanic *izum, *izud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”). The infinitive of the verb (være) is from a different PIE root; the present tense is suppletive.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/, [ɛɐ̯], [ɛɒ̯̽], but often elided in spontaneous speech.

Verb[edit]

er

1. present of være

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/, /ər/, /dər/

Etymology 1[edit]

Weak form of der, the unstressed form of daar ("there")

Adverb[edit]

er

1. there (unspecific to distance)
2. (with a preposition) it; him, her, them.

   Ik heb ermee gewerkt.

   I have worked with it/them.

   Je kunt er de bergen boven zien.

   You can see the mountains above it/them.

Usage notes[edit]

• Er is an unstressed variety of hier and daar, used when it is not needed to emphasize the specific location relative to the speaker.
• With a preposition, er is used instead of hem, haar, het, ze to create a pronominal adverb. See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.

Descendants[edit]

• Petjo: d'r

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Dutch iro, genitive of the personal pronoun (3rd person plural).

Adverb[edit]

er

1. (partitive pronoun) of them, of those (often not translated in English)

   Mijn broer heeft drie kinderen en ik heb er twee.

   My brother has three children and I have two. (literally: two of those)

   Ik zie er geen meer.

   I don't see any more (of them).

Synonyms[edit]

• ervan

Derived terms[edit]

See Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs

Related terms[edit]

• daar
• hier
• waar

See also[edit]

• er zijn

Anagrams[edit]

• re

East Damar[edit]

Noun[edit]

er

1. water

References[edit]

• Taber, M. (1993). Toward a better understanding of the indigenous languages of southwestern Maluku. Oceanic Linguistics. 32:2. pp. 389-441. Cited in: "East Damar" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Faroese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /eːɹ/

Verb[edit]

er

1. third-person singular indicative present of at vera
   • Hann er skipari.

     He is a captain/skipper.

   • Hon er úr Føroyum.

     She is from the Faroe Islands.

   • Tað er í ordan.

     It's all right.

Conjugation[edit]

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German er, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ, from Proto-Germanic *iz. In northern Old High German there also existed forms with initial h-, namely hē, her, from Proto-Germanic *hiz, whence Central Franconian hä and (from the accusative) Luxembourgish hien. Compare English he. The unusual spelling ih- in the forms ihm, ihn is not related to this. It was introduced in early modern German to distinguish these forms from im, in (when *iem, *ien could have been read as *jem, *jen).

Pronunciation[edit]

• (standard) IPA^(key): /eːr/, [ʔeːɐ̯], [ʔɛɐ̯]

• pronunciation 1

  (file)

• pronunciation 2

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːɐ̯
• Homophone: Ehr

• (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /ɐ/

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. (personal) he.

   (file)

   Wo ist Klaus? Wo ist er? ― Where is Klaus? Where is he?

   (file)

   Dies ist mein Hund. Er heißt Waldi. ― This is my dog. His name is Waldi.

2. (personal) it (when the grammatical gender of the object/article/thing/animal etc., being referred to, is masculine (der)).

   (file)

   Dort steht ein Baum. Er ist über hundert Jahre alt. ― There stands a tree. It is more than 100 years old.

3. (personal, archaic) Alternative spelling of Er (you (polite))
   • (Can we date this quote?), Clemens Brentano, Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (edited). In: 1835, F. W. Gubitz (editor), Jahrbuch des Nützlichen und Unterhaltenden für 1835, p. 171:

     Da fuhr die Alte überraſcht auf und ſprach: Lieber Herr, gehe er doch nach Haus und bete er fein und lege er ſich ſchlafen.

   • 1837, Brothers Grimm, “Der junge Riese”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2‎^[1], page 27:

     Da sprach er „Vater, ich sehe wohl, bei ihm werd ich nicht satt, will er mir einen Stab von Eisen verschaffen, der stark ist, und den ich vor meinen Knien nicht zerbrechen kann, so will ich wieder fort gehen.“ Da war der Bauer froh, und spannte seine zwei Pferde vor den Wagen, fuhr zum Schmied, und holte einen Stab so groß und dick, als ihn die zwei Pferde nur fahren konnten.

     (please add an English translation of this quote)

Declension[edit]

• In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even then. They may be used
  • for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Ich erbarmte mich seiner. – "I had mercy on him". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.)
  • after the preposition statt ("instead of, in place of"): Ich kam statt seiner in die Mannschaft. – I joined the team in his place. (This sounds antiquated, for which reason an seiner Statt or an seiner Stelle is preferable.)
• Older forms/spellings include:
  • jm (dative; 16th century), jn (accusative; 16th century) – distinguished from im (“in the, into the”) and in (“in, into”)
  • ihme (dative)

Derived terms[edit]

• hatter (hat er; colloquial)

Further reading[edit]

• “er” in Duden online
• “er” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.

Hunsrik[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• ëyer (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology[edit]

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Displaced the northern Old High German forms with h-, e.g. hē, her (see he).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛɐ/

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. he

Inflection[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Icelandic[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

1. first-person singular indicative present of vera

   Ég er skemmtilegur.

   I am fun (masculine)

   Hver er ég?

   Who am I?

2. third-person singular indicative present of vera

   Veit einhver hvar pabbi minn er?

   Does anybody know where my dad is?

   Hver er hann?

   Who is he?

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. (relative) which

   Maður er sá, er Jón heitir.

   There is a man who is named John.

   Konan, er hann var að tala við.

   The woman to whom he was talking.

   Þetta er borgin, er hann kom frá.

   This is the city from which he originated.

   Bærinn, er hún ætlar til.

   The town to which she's heading.

2. (archaic) in relations with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these) or personal pronoun (I, we, they), which represents the genitive of a relative pronoun.

   Það er sú bók, er menn þekkja eigi höfund hennar.

   There is a book whose author people don't know.

Conjunction[edit]

er

1. (with an "indexical"; ábendingarorð) of a place, of a time
   • Judges 2:19

     En er dómarinn andaðist, breyttu þeir að nýju verr en feður þeirra, með því að elta aðra guði til þess að þjóna þeim og falla fram fyrir þeim. Þeir létu eigi af gjörðum sínum né þrjóskubreytni sinni.

     But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt than those of their ancestors, following other gods and serving and worshiping them. They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn ways.

   Þar er ég kom.

   There whence I came.

   Þá er myndin var búin.

   When the movie was finished.

Derived terms[edit]

• þá er þegar

References[edit]

• er in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Japanese[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• ler(ラー) (-rā)

Etymology[edit]

From English -er, forming novel pseudo-Anglicisms.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [a̠ː]

Suffix[edit]

er(アー) • (-ā)

1. (slang) Suffix used for people, especially fans.

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

• ist(イスト) (-isuto)

Further reading[edit]

• 難波功士 [Koji Nanba] (2006), “〈研究ノート〉“-er”の系譜：サブカルチュラル・アイデンティティの現在 [The History of Neology Using the Suffix ‘-er’ in Japanese: In terms of sub-cultural identities of youths]”, in 関西学院大学社会学部紀要‎^[2], issue 100, pages 181–189

Kembra[edit]

Noun[edit]

er

1. water

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Italic *hēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”) (whence also Ancient Greek χήρ (khḗr, “hedgehog”)), a root noun from *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, be bristly”), whence also Ancient Greek χοῖρος (khoîros, “young pig”) and Albanian derr (“pig”) from *ǵʰór-yos.^[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eːr/, [eːr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /er/, [ɛr]

Noun[edit]

ēr m (genitive ēris); third declension

1. hedgehog

Usage notes[edit]

There is some uncertainty as to the exact forms of this word, especially regarding whether the lemma form of this was ēr or ēris, as the forms attested in literature could point to either option. Another form, irim (acc. sing.; found in Plautus, Capt. 184), seems to be a spelling variant.

Declension[edit]

Third-declension noun.

Related terms[edit]

• ēricius (“hedgehog; picket”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /er/, [ɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /er/, [ɛr]

Noun[edit]

er f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter R.

Usage notes[edit]

• Multiple Latin names for the letter R, r have been suggested. The most common is er or a syllabic r, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, rē, rrr, ər, rə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιρρε (irrhe).

Coordinate terms[edit]

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References[edit]

• ēr in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ēr in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

Latvian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ɛɾ]

Noun[edit]

er m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter R/r.

See also[edit]

• Latvian letter names:

  a (A), garais ā (Ā), bē (B), cē (C), čē (Č), dē (D), e (E), garais ē (Ē), ef (F), gā (G), ģē (Ģ), hā (H), i (I), garais ī (Ī), jē (J), kā (K), ķē (Ķ), el (L), eļ (Ļ), em (M), en (N), eņ (Ņ), o (O), pē (P), er (R), es (S), eš (Š), tē (T), u (U), garais ū (Ū), vē (V), zē (Z), žē (Ž)

Low German[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. Alternative spelling of ehr

Mambae[edit]

Noun[edit]

er

1. water

References[edit]

• Mambai Language Manual: Ainaro Dialect (2001)

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

er

1. Nonstandard spelling of ér.
2. Nonstandard spelling of ěr.
3. Nonstandard spelling of èr.

Usage notes[edit]

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Manx[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish for.

Preposition[edit]

er

1. on
2. onto
3. during
4. for

Inflection[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. third-person singular of er

   on him/it

Derived terms[edit]

• ersyn (emphatic)

Middle Dutch[edit]

Adverb[edit]

er

1. unstressed form of dāer

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Determiner[edit]

er

1. Alternative form of hire (“her”, genitive)

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. Alternative form of hire (“hers”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. Alternative form of hire (“her”, object)

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

er

1. Alternative form of eere (“ear of grain”)

Etymology 4[edit]

Determiner[edit]

er

1. Alternative form of here (“their”)

Etymology 5[edit]

From Old English ǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *airi.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɛːr/

Adverb[edit]

er

1. early
2. earlier
3. formerly
4. rather

Derived terms[edit]

• erly

Descendants[edit]

• English: ere
• Scots: er
• Yola: ear

References[edit]

• “ēr, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Mòcheno[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. he, it

Inflection[edit]

References[edit]

• “er” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /æːɾ/, /æɾ/

Verb[edit]

er

1. present of være (=to be)

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /æː(r)/, /eː(r)/ (example of pronunciation)

Verb[edit]

er

1. present tense of vera and vere
2. is, are, am (present of to be)

   Boka er skriven. ― The book is written

   Bøkene er skrivne. ― The books are written.

   Eg er framand. ― I am a stranger.

References[edit]

• “vera” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “er på engelsk”, in DinOrdbok, Nynorsk-engelsk oversettelse‎^[3], accessed 2018-10-15

Old Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz.

Preposition[edit]

ēr

1. before, earlier than

Descendants[edit]

• Middle Dutch: êer
  • Dutch: eer
  • Limburgish: ieër

Further reading[edit]

• “ēr (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Conjunction[edit]

ēr

1. ere, afore

Descendants[edit]

• Middle Dutch: êer
  • Dutch: eer
  • Limburgish: ieër

Further reading[edit]

• “ēr (III)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Adverb[edit]

ēr

1. previously, in an earlier period, in a bygone time
2. earlier, before a certain time or period

Descendants[edit]

• Middle Dutch: êer

Further reading[edit]

• “ēr (I)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Frisian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz. Cognates include Old English ǣr, Old Saxon ēr and Old Dutch ēr.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈeːr/, [ˈɛːr]

Adverb[edit]

ēr

1. earlier, previously

Preposition[edit]

ēr (+ dative)

1. (of time) before

Descendants[edit]

• Saterland Frisian: eer
• West Frisian: ear't

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈeːr/, [ˈɛːr]

Noun[edit]

ēr f

1. Alternative form of ēre

References[edit]

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old High German[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz, whence also Old English ær.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /eːr/

Adjective[edit]

ēr

1. early

Adverb[edit]

ēr

1. ere, before
2. formerly

Conjunction[edit]

ēr

1. before, until

Preposition[edit]

ēr (+ dative)

1. before

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, akin to Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /eːr/

Noun[edit]

ēr n

1. ore
2. brass

Descendants[edit]

• Middle High German: er
  • Alemannic German: Eer
    • ⇒ Alemannic German: eerig
• ⇒ Old High German: ērīn
  • Middle High German: ērīn
    • German: ehern

Etymology 3[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), akin to Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is, “he”), Latin is (“he”).

Alternative forms[edit]

• her (northern)

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /er/

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. he

Inflection[edit]

Descendants[edit]

• Middle High German: ër
  • Alemannic German:

    Low Alemannic:

    Alsatian: ar, er, ër

    Badisch: er

    High Alemannic: er, är

    Bernese: är

    Lucerne: aer

    Northeastern: ar

    Walser: är

  • Swabian: er, ear

    Swabian Jura: ear

  • Bavarian: er
    • Cimbrian: èar, er, ar
    • Mòcheno: er
  • Central Franconian:

    Moselle Franconian: er

    • Hunsrik: er, ëyer
  • East Central German:

    High Prussian: er

    Silesian German:

    Lower Silesian German: a

    Upper Silesian German: a

    North Moravian: ar

    Thuringian: er

    Central Thuringian: er

    West Thuringian: aa

    Upper Saxon: är

    Meißnisch: är

    Osterländisch: är

    Erzgebirgisch: aorr

    Lusatian: ar

    South Marchian:

    Berlinerisch: er/ea

  • German: er
  • East Franconian: er, ea

    Unterfränkisch: ar

    Hohenlohisch: er

  • Rhine Franconian:

    Upper Hessian: er

    Lorraine Franconian: ér, éa

    Palatine German: er

    Pennsylvania German: er

  • Yiddish: ער‎ (er)

References[edit]

• Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

Old Norse[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• es, -s

Etymology 1[edit]

From earlier es, from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. who, which, that
   • verse 76 of the Hávamál (1996 translation by Carolyne Larrington)

     en orðstírr / deyr aldregi / hveim er sér góðan getr

     but the glory of reputation never dies, / for the man who can get himself a good one

Conjunction[edit]

er

1. where
2. when

   En er hann dó, grét ǫll verǫldin

   and when he died, the whole world cried.

Descendants[edit]

• Faroese: er
• Icelandic: er
• Westrobothnian: -es

Etymology 2[edit]

From earlier es, from Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. The final -s was replaced by -r due to analogy to the plural forms of the verb.

Verb[edit]

er

1. third-person singular indicative present of vera

Descendants[edit]

• Icelandic: er
• Faroese: er
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: er
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: er
• Westrobothnian: jer, jär
• Old Swedish: ær
  • Swedish: är
• Danish: er

References[edit]

• er in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɛːr/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, whence also Old English ær.

Adjective[edit]

ēr

1. early

Declension[edit]

Adverb[edit]

ēr

1. before, ere
2. formerly

Conjunction[edit]

ēr

1. before

Preposition[edit]

ēr (+ dative)

1. before

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, whence also Old English ār.

Noun[edit]

ēr ?

1. copper, bronze
2. ore

Descendants[edit]

• Middle Low German: ēr

Etymology 3[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old English ār, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).

Noun[edit]

ēr m

1. messenger, herald

Pennsylvania German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare German er.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɛɐ̯/

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. he

Declension[edit]

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun[edit]

er f

1. genitive plural of era

Saterland Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Frisian -er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ. Cognates include West Frisian er and German er.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ər/

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. unstressed form of hie (“he”)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

• Marron C. Fort (2015), “er”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Scots[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

1. (South Scots) Second-person simple present form of ti be
2. (South Scots) Plural simple present form of ti be
3. (South Scots) First-person singular simple present form of an obscure form of ti be

   A'm er so!

Usage notes[edit]

Used emphatically. See ir.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Contraction of earlier eder, from Old Norse yðr, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /eːr/

Pronoun[edit]

er c (neuter possessive only ert, plural era)

1. you (plural, object)

   Synonym: (formal, archaic) eder

2. (possessive) your, yours; (speaking to more than one person, about one object)

   Synonyms: (informal) eran, (formal, archaic) eder

3. (reflexive) reflexive of ni; compare yourselves

   Skulle ni vilja lära er jonglera?

   Would you guys like to learn how to juggle?

Usage notes[edit]

• See ni for a note on its use as a courteous 2nd person singular.
• Even though er (2) and its archaic form eder is the possessive pronoun, it does have a genitive form ers and eders, which is only used in expressions like ers majestät (your majesty) and ers höghet (your highness).

Declension[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

• -re, re-

Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish ایر‎, ار‎, from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r (“early”). Related to Old Turkic [script needed] (er).

Adjective[edit]

er

1. (regionalism) early

Etymology 2[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish ار‎, from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Related to noun-forming suffix -er and Old Turkic 𐰼‎ (er).

Noun[edit]

er (definite accusative eri, plural erler)

1. brave
2. man, male
3. noble
4. conscript, private (soldier of the lowest rank of the army)
5. tribesman
6. warrior

Declension[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

1. second-person singular imperative of ermek

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɛr/

Etymology 1[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

er

1. although
   • 2018 September 28, “Cymraeg y Wladfa a Chymraeg Cymru - beth yw'r gwahaniaethau?”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:

     Nid y Sbaeneg (er y byddai hynny'n syniad da hefyd) ond Cymraeg arbennig y Wladfa.

     Not Spanish (although that would also be a good idea) but the particular Welsh of Y Wladfa.

   • 2019 June 13, Llinos Lee, “Y Barri: Mwy na dim ond 'Gavin & Stacey'”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:

     Ges i fy magu yn Y Barri, ac er mod i wedi symud i ffwrdd i'r brifysgol, …

     I was brought up in Barry, and although I moved away for university, …

Derived terms[edit]

• er mwyn (“for the sake of; in order to”)
• er gwaethaf (“despite”)
• ers (“since”)

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

er f (plural eriau)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

Mutation[edit]

See also[edit]

• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i/i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u/u bedol, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd ^{(Category: cy:Latin letter names)}

West Frisian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

1. clitic form of hy used before the object or after the verb.