- 〈unter Verlust des -e:〉 Kollegin, Kundin, Türkin
- 〈unter Verlust des -er:〉 Bewunderin, Ruderin, Zimmerin
- 〈mit Umlaut und Verlust des -e:〉 Äffin, Französin
- Müllerin
Farsi meaning of in
[حرف اضافه]
in
/ɪn/
[همراه: either]
1 در داخل
1.Ich wohne in Frankfurt.
1. من در "فرانکفورت" زندگی می کنم.
2.Ich wohne in Wiesbaden.
2. من در "ویسبادن" زندگی می کنم.
3.Meine Wohnung ist im dritten Stock.
3. آپارتمان من در طبقه سوم است.
4.Wir sind in einer schwierigen Lage.
4. ما در شرایط سختی هستیم.
توضیحاتی در رابطه با این حرف اضافه
حرف اضافه "in" به طور کلی به همراه "Dativ" و "Akkusativ" مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. برای آگاه شدن از نقشی که پس از حرف اضافه قرار میگیرد میتوان از ادات پرسشی "Wo" و "Wohin" کمک گرفت که معمولا در پاسخ اولی باید از نقش "Dativ" و در پاسخ دومی که به همراه حرکت و جنبش است از "Akkusativ" استفاده کرد.
2 به
1.in die Stadt gehen
1. به شهر رفتن
2.Komm, wir gehen ins Kino.
2. بیا، ما به سینما میرویم.
3.Wollen wir heute ins Einkaufszentrum gehen?
3. امروز به مرکز خرید برویم؟
توضیحاتی در رابطه با این حرف اضافه
حرف اضافه "in" به هنگامی که به جابجایی مکانی فردی یا جسمی اشاره میکند باید به همراه "Akkusativ" مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. باید توجه داشت که در اینجا یک جابجایی مکانی دارای جهت و هدف مشخص مدنظر است.
3 تا (زمان)
1.Der Zug kommt in fünf Minuten.
1. قطار تا 5 دقیقه دیگر می رسد.
2.Er ruft in einer Stunde wieder an.
2. او تا یک ساعت دیگر دوباره زنگ می زند.
3.Rufen Sie bitte in fünf Minuten noch einmal an.
3. (تا) پنج دقیقه دیگر دوباره زنگ بزن.
توضیحاتی در رابطه با حرف اضافه in به معنای تا
حرف اضافه "in" هنگامی که به زمان مشخصی در آینده که پس از آن اتفاقی رخ میدهد اشاره میکند باید به همراه "Dativ" مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.
The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest – an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.
Less water gets in your boots this way.
She stood there looking in the window longingly.
Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.
In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.
Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.
Towards the speaker or other reference point.
They flew in from London last night.
For six hours the tide flows in, then for another six hours it flows out.
So as to be enclosed or surrounded by something.
Bring the water to the boil and drop the vegetables in.
After the beginning of something.
2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport[1]:
The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.
The show still didn't become interesting 20 minutes in.
(in combination, after a verb)Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World (page 192)
This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]
2010, Joe R. Lansdale, Flaming Zeppelins: The Adventures of Ned the Seal, page 123:
“[…] He […] took a rifle out of the batch and shot at me. I was lucky he was such a crummy shot.” “Why would he do that?” “I think he's in with them, Doctor.” “Them? You mean Ned and Cody?” “All of them. Hickok, the split tail, the whole lot.”
He is very in with the Joneses.
(informal) Having a favourable position, such as a position of influence or expected gain, in relation to another person.
I think that bird fancies you. You're in there, mate!
2004, The Streets (lyrics and music), “Could Well Be In”:
I saw this thing on ITV the other week, Said, that if she played with her hair, she's probably keen She's playing with her hair, well regularly, So I reckon I could well be in.
Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
“in” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
The preposition in is used with the accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with the dative case if the verb shows location.
This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur(“your pl”), before dhá(“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.
In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le(“beside”) and inÉirinn or in-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn(“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled inbhur.
omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
So far does every species on earth of man and beast, whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged, collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
So far does every species on earth of man and beast, whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged, collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1:
De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
In the West Saxon dialect, this word was replaced by on during the separate prehistory of Old English. However, it was still used as a prefix to form many words such as ingang(“entrance”), inġewinn(“civil war”), inġeþanc(“inner thoughts”), inlendisċ(“native”), intinga(“cause”), and inweorc(“indoor work”), and it was still implied by derived adverbs such as inne(“inside”), innan(“from the inside”), and inn (“in,” adverb).
the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
Used with the masculine/neuter dative singular of an adjective to form the corresponding adverb: -ly
c.800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 30a3
Amal nád n-airigther ⁊ nád fintar a ndu·gníther hi suidi, sic ba in ḟortgidiu ⁊ ba hi temul du·gníth Saul cona muntair intleda ⁊ erelca fri Dauid.
As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.
Note: except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.
Das Gebäude erstrahlte in neuem Glanz. The building shone in new splendor.
er
pronoun
he, they
examples of der er
- dieser Hund ist ein Er
Farsi meaning of der er
[ضمیر]
er
/ɛʁ/
1 او [ضمیر فاعلی سوم شخص مفرد مذکر]
1.Er heißt Ali.
1. نام او علی است. [او علی است.]
کاربرد واژه er به معنای او
واژه er در زبان آلمانی یک ضمیر فاعلی است که برای اشاره به سوم شخص مفرد و مذکر به کار می رود. این ضمیر معنایی مشابه "او" در فارسی دارد با این تفاوت که تنها برای افراد و اجسام مذکر استفاده می شود و البته تنها به فاعل جمله اشاره می کند. برای اشاره به انواع مفعول باید از ضمایر مفعولی مناسب استفاده کرد.
Liquid Samurai: 'FORMLESS AND INFINITE ARE WE, THE LIQUID SAMURAI. I SERVE MY QUEEN, AS WE HAVE FOR COUNTLESS--' / Mona: 'HEY, I DON'T MEAN TO INTERRUPT, BUT YOU SEEM LIKE YOU'RE MADE OF POWERFUL STUFF. CAN I, ER, STUDY YOU?'
Dort steht ein Baum. Er ist über hundert Jahre alt. ― There stands a tree. It is more than 100 years old.
(personal,archaic)Alternative spelling of Er(you (polite))
(Can we date this quote?), Clemens Brentano, Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (edited). In: 1835, F. W. Gubitz (editor), Jahrbuch des Nützlichen und Unterhaltenden für 1835, p. 171:
Da fuhr die Alte überraſcht auf und ſprach: Lieber Herr, gehe er doch nach Haus und bete er fein und lege er ſich ſchlafen.
1837, Brothers Grimm, “Der junge Riese”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2[1], page 27:
Da sprach er „Vater, ich sehe wohl, bei ihm werd ich nicht satt, will er mir einen Stab von Eisen verschaffen, der stark ist, und den ich vor meinen Knien nicht zerbrechen kann, so will ich wieder fort gehen.“ Da war der Bauer froh, und spannte seine zwei Pferde vor den Wagen, fuhr zum Schmied, und holte einen Stab so groß und dick, als ihn die zwei Pferde nur fahren konnten.
1often capitalized, especially in letters 2archaic (ihrzen) 3dated 4capitalised in royal usage 5enclitic, colloquial6archaic (erzen), sometimes capitalised7(siezen)
In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even then. They may be used
for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Ich erbarmte mich seiner. – "I had mercy on him". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.)
after the preposition statt ("instead of, in place of"): Ich kam statt seiner in die Mannschaft. – I joined the team in his place. (This sounds antiquated, for which reason an seiner Statt or an seiner Stelle is preferable.)
Older forms/spellings include:
jm(dative; 16th century), jn(accusative; 16th century) – distinguished from im(“in the, into the”) and in(“in, into”)
En er dómarinn andaðist, breyttu þeir að nýju verr en feður þeirra, með því að elta aðra guði til þess að þjóna þeim og falla fram fyrir þeim. Þeir létu eigi af gjörðum sínum né þrjóskubreytni sinni.
But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt than those of their ancestors, following other gods and serving and worshiping them. They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn ways.
難波功士 [Koji Nanba] (2006), “〈研究ノート〉“-er”の系譜：サブカルチュラル・アイデンティティの現在 [The History of Neology Using the Suffix ‘-er’ in Japanese: In terms of sub-cultural identities of youths]”, in 関西学院大学社会学部紀要[2], issue 100, pages 181–189
There is some uncertainty as to the exact forms of this word, especially regarding whether the lemma form of this was ēr or ēris, as the forms attested in literature could point to either option. Another form, irim (acc. sing.; found in Plautus, Capt. 184), seems to be a spelling variant.
Multiple Latin names for the letter R, r have been suggested. The most common is er or a syllabicr, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, rē, rrr, ər, rə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιρρε(irrhe).
ēr in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ēr in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ēr”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 193
English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
See ni for a note on its use as a courteous 2nd person singular.
Even though er (2) and its archaic form eder is the possessive pronoun, it does have a genitive form ers and eders, which is only used in expressions like ers majestät (your majesty) and ers höghet (your highness).
حرف تعریف یک حرف اضافه است که در زبان آلمانی به واسطه کاربردها و تغییرات آن از اهمیت بسیار بالایی برخوردار است و اسامی مونث و جمع با حرف تعریف "Die" نشان داده می شوند؛ باید توجه داشت که در زبان فارسی حرف تعریف شکل معادلی ندارد.
[ضمیر]
die
/diː/
2 [ضمیر اشاره] آن (کسی)
1.Die da oben sind an allem schuld.
1. آن بالاییها مقصر همه چیز هستند.
2.Die das getan haben soll, ist nicht mehr anwesend
2. آن کسی که بهتر است این را انجام بدهد، دیگر حاضر نیست.
3.Die haben ein neues Parkhaus gebaut.
3. آنها یک پارکینگ مسقف جدید ساختند.
3 [ضمیر موصولی] که
1.Die Katze, die ich sah, war weiß.
1. گربه (مشخصی) که من دیدم، سفید بود.
2.Die Männer, die im Wald gearbeitet haben, machen jetzt eine Pause.
2. مردهایی که در جنگل کار میکردند، الان استراحت میکنند.
3.Die Vase, die ich gesehen habe.
3. گلدان (مشخصی) که من دیده بودم.
توضیحاتی در رابطه با Die در حالت ضمیر موصولی
از ضمایر موصولی برای ساخت جملات موصولی استفاده میشود. جملات موصولی جملاتی هستند که در آنها بخش دوم جمله اطلاعاتی را در ارتباط با بخش اول جمله میدهد.
1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, Penguin 1985, page 87:
"What did she die of, Work'us?" said Noah. "Of a broken heart, some of our old nurses told me," replied Oliver.
2000, Stephen King, On Writing, Pocket Books 2002, page 85:
In 1971 or 72, Mom's sister Carolyn Weimer died of breast cancer.
followed by from; general use, though somewhat more common in the context of medicine or the sciences:
He died from heart failure.
1865, British Medical Journal, 4 Mar 1865, page 213:
She lived several weeks; but afterwards she died from epilepsy, to which malady she had been previously subject.
2007, Frank Herbert & Kevin J. Anderson, Sandworms of Dune, Tor 2007, page 191:
"Or all of them will die from the plague. Even if most of the candidates succumb. . ."
followed by for; often expressing wider contextual motivations, though sometimes indicating direct causes:
He died for the one he loved.
1961, Joseph Heller, Catch-22, Simon & Schuster 1999, page 232:
Englishmen are dying for England, Americans are dying for America, Germans are dying for Germany, Russians are dying for Russia. There are now fifty or sixty countries fighting in this war.
Less than three days later, Johnson lapsed into a coma in his jail cell and died for lack of insulin.
(now rare)followed by with as an indication of direct cause:
1600, William Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act III, Scene I:
Therefore let Benedicke like covered fire, / Consume away in sighes, waste inwardly: / It were a better death, to die with mockes, / Which is as bad as die with tickling.
1830, Joseph Smith, The Book of Mormon, Richards 1854, page 337:
And there were some who died with fevers, which at some seasons of the year was very frequent in the land.
2014, S. J. Groves, The Darker Side to Dr Carter, page 437:
Dr Thomas concluded she had died to a blow to the head, which led to a bleed on the brain, probably a fall and had hit her head hard on the wooden bedpost, as there was blood on the bedpost.
(still current)followed by with as an indication of manner:
2019, Lou Marinoff, On Human Conflict: The Philosophical Foundations of War and Peace, Rowman & Littlefield (→ISBN), page 452:
[…] he chose instead to suffer even greater personal pain, with unimaginable fortitude and resolve, albeit for a shorter time. Thus he died a small death, in order to benefit the living. Similarly, a small and voluntary death was died by Socrates.
Yes, and his ill conditions; and in despite of all, dies for him.
2004 Paul Joseph Draus, Consumed in the city: observing tuberculosis at century's end - Page 168
I could see that he was dying, dying for a cigarette, dying for a fix maybe, dying for a little bit of freedom, but trapped in a hospital bed and a sick body.
The day our sister eloped, she died to our mother.
2015, Emily Duvall, Inclusions, page 150:
"My dad […] beat us until we couldn't sit down." […] "What about your mother?" […] "She's alive. […] My aunt visits her once a year, but I don't ask about my mother. She died to me the day she chose my father over protecting us." Luke's voice hitched with emotion.
2017, Mike Hoornstra, Descent into the Maelstrom, page 366:
"You haven't been my son since you were ten years old. That boy died to me the day he ran away. I don't know you. You are merely a shell that resembles someone I used to know, but you are dead to me. You are the bringer of pain and death. Leave me be. Leave me with my son, Jyosh." "Mother..." Barlun pleaded.
1741, I[saac] Watts, The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick:[…], London: […] James Brackstone,[…], OCLC723474632:
Some young creatures have learnt their letters and syllables, and the pronouncing and spelling of words, by having them pasted or written upon many little flat tablets or dies.
If a Dye were mark’d with one Figure or Number of Spots on four Sides, and with another Figure or Number of Spots on the two remaining Sides, ’twould be more probable, that the former ſhould turn up than the latter;
2000, Richard Shoup, Barry Lenson, editor, Take Control Of Your Life: How to Control Fate, Luck, Chaos, Karma, and Life’s Other Unruly Forces, McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 42:
When you roll two dies—or three, or four—the odds of obtaining a specific number becomes complex in a logarithmic progression.
2012, Rinaldo B. Schinazi, “Probability Space”, in Probability with Statistical Applications, second edition, Birkhäuser, →ISBN, “Independent Events”, “Exercises”, page 16:
We roll two dies repeatedly until we get the first double.
The game of dice is singular. Thus in "Dice is a game played with dice," the first occurrence is singular, the second occurrence is plural. See also the usage notes under "dice".
1739, John Cay, An abridgment of the publick statutes in force and use from Magna Charta, in the ninth year of King Henry III, to the eleventh year of his present Majesty King George II, inclusive, Drapery, XXVII. Sect. 16:
Also no dyer shall die any cloth, except he die the cloth and the list with one colour, without tacking any bulrushes or such like thing upon the lists, upon pain to forfeit 40 s. for every cloth. And no person shall put to sale any cloth deceitfully dyed,
1813, James Haigh, The Dier's Assistant in the Art of Dying Wool and Woollen Goods:
To die wool with madder, prepare a fresh liquor, and when the water is come to a heat to bear the hand, put in half a pound of the finest grape madder for each pound of wool;
1827, John Shepard, The artist & tradesman's guide: embracing some leading facts:
To die Wool and Woollen Cloths of a Blue Colour. One part of indigo, in four parts concentrated sulphuric acid, dissolved; then add one part of dry carbonate of potash, [...]
From Dutchdie, which is used only as a demonstrative in Dutch. The replacement of the article de with stronger die is also common in Surinamese Dutch and among non-native speakers of Dutch.
The corresponding determiner (“this/that”, “these/those”) is usually spelt dié in order to distinguish it from the definite article. This spelling is also sometimes used for the pronoun, though this is unnecessary.
A preceding comma may alter the meaning of a clause starting with a relative pronoun. Compare the following sentences:
Alle arbeiders die staken zullen op sancties moeten rekenen.
All workers who are on strike should expect sanctions.
Alle arbeiders, die staken, zullen op sancties moeten rekenen.
All workers, who are on strike, should expect sanctions.
In the first sentence, only the workers on strike are advised to expect sanctions. In the second sentence, the parenthetical phrase indicates that all the workers are on strike, and should all expect sanctions.
English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith
der
der Mann, die Frau und das Kind dort am Nebentisch
Welchen Pullover möchtest du: diesen oder den da? Which pullover would you like: this one or that one?
examples of der
- ein Stuhl, der entzwei ist
- ein ehemaliger Lehrer, dessen ich mich erinnere
- ein Hund, dem du Futter gegeben hast
- ein Baum, den man gedüngt hatte
- eine Schüssel, die auf dem Tisch steht
- diese Frau, deren
- er sich annahm
- diese Verkäuferin, der Hans Geld gab
- die Vase, die ich gesehen habe
- dieses Spiel, das spannend verlief
- ein hübsches Mädchen, dessen/(veraltet:) des er sich erinnerte
- ein Urteil, dem man vertraute
- ein Bild, das sie aufgehängt hat
- alle Spieler, die am Ball waren
- Beweise, aufgrund deren er verurteilt wurde
- jene Leute, denen sie die Meinung sagte
- alle Spielsachen, die der Großvater kauft
- der Vater, dessen Sohn eine Lehre macht
- die Tischplatte, deren Oberfläche zerkratzt ist
- das Buch, dessen Einband beschädigt ist
- die Kinder, deren Eltern anwesend sind
- der Mann, auf dessen erschöpftem Gesicht der Schweiß stand
- die Lampe, von deren grellem Licht er geblendet wurde
- Helmut, mit dessen Freund ich gerade sprach
- Rita, von deren Mann die Rede war
- Ergebnisse, auf deren Richtigkeit es ankam
- der
- sich immer für mich einsetzt, ist mein Freund
- die
- das getan haben soll, ist nicht mehr anwesend
- die
- den größten Sieg erringen, denen gebührt das meiste Lob
Farsi meaning of der
[تخصیص گر]
der
/deːɐ̯/
1 [حرف تعریف اسامی مذکر] [حرف تعریف مشخص]
1.Der Ball ist rund.
1. توپ (مشخصی) کروی است.
2.Der kleine Hans hat gekommen.
2. "هانس" کوچک (که او را میشناسیم) آمد.
3.Der Mann ist hübsch.
3. مرد (مشخصی) زیباست.
4.Der Mann schläft.
4. مرد (مشخصی) خوابید.
توضیحاتی در رابطه با der
حرف تعریف یک حرف اضافه است که در زبان آلمانی به واسطه کاربردها و تغییرات آن از اهمیت بسیار بالایی برخوردار است و اسامی مذکر با حرف تعریف "Der" نشان داده می شوند؛ باید توجه داشت که در زبان فارسی حرف تعریف شکل معادلی ندارد.
2 [حرف تعریف مشخص] [حرف تعریف اسامی مونث در حالت داتیو]
1.Ich habe der Frau vorgespielt!
1. من جلوی خانم (مشخصی) نقش بازی کردم.
2.Ich höre der Lehrerin zu.
2. من به معلم گوش فرا میدهم. [من معلم را با دقت میشنوم.]
توضیحاتی در رابطه با der
واژه "der" حرف تعریف اسامی مونث در حالت "Dativ" میباشد. باید توجه داشت که حرف تعریف اسامی مذکر به طور کلی نیز "der" است.
3 [حرف تعریف مشخص] [حرف تعریف اسامی مونث در حالت ملکی]
1.Die Hauptstadt der USA ist Washington.
1. پایتخت ایالت متحده آمریکا، "شهر" واشنگتن است.
توضیحاتی در رابطه با der در حالت ملکی
حالت Gentiv نشان دهنده مالکیت یک اسم بر دیگری است. در زبان فارسی برای ساخت این حالت از کسره مالکیت استفاده می کنیم.
باید توجه داشت که "der" حالت "Gentiv " واژه "die" میباشد.
[ضمیر]
der
/deːɐ̯/
4 [ضمیر اشاره] آن (کسی یا چیزی)، او
1.Der kommt gleich.
1. او الان میآید.
2.Der sich immer für mich einsetzt, ist mein Freund
2. آن کسی که همیشه در خدمت من است، دوست من میباشد.
5 [ضمیر موصولی] که
1.Der Schiedsrichter ist der Mann, der das Spiel leitet.
1. داور مردی است، که بازی را کنترل میکند.
2.Die Polizei sucht den Mann, der die Bank überfallen hat.
2. پلیس به دنبال مردی است، که از بانک سرقت کردهاست.
3.Diese Verkäuferin , der Hans Geld gab.
3. این فروشنده که به "هانس" پول داد.
4.Ich unterschrieb den Brief, der gestern kam.
4. من نامهای را که دیروز آمد، امضا کردم.
5.Sie ist die Freundin , der ich die Postkarte geschickt habe.
5. او دوستی است که من برایش کارت پستال فرستاده بودم.
توضیحاتی در رابطه با der در حالت ضمیر موصولی
از ضمایر موصولی برای ساخت جملات موصولی استفاده می شود. جملات موصولی جملاتی هستند که در آنها بخش دوم جمله اطلاعاتی را در ارتباط با بخش اول جمله می دهد.
باید توجه داشت که اسامی مونثی که در جمله وابسته نقش "Dativ" را ایفا میکنند با ضمیر "der" نوشته میشوند.
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