English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English sien, from Old English sīgan (“to sink, descend”), from Proto-Germanic *sīganą, *sīhwaną (“to strain, drop”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to pour, strain”). Cognate with Dutch zijgen (“to filter”), German seihen (“to strain, sieve”), Icelandic síga (“to lower”).

Alternative forms[edit]

• sigh
• sey, sye (Scotland)

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /saɪ/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪ

Verb[edit]

sie (third-person singular simple present sies, present participle sying, simple past and past participle sied)

1. (intransitive) To sink; fall; drop.
2. (intransitive) To fall, as in a swoon; faint.
3. (intransitive, dialectal) To drop, as water; trickle.
4. (transitive) To sift.
5. (transitive, dialectal) To strain, as milk; filter.

Noun[edit]

sie (plural sies)

1. A drop.

Related terms[edit]

• sile

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• Homophones: c, cee, sea, see

Pronoun[edit]

sie (third person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative sir, possessive adjective hir, possessive noun hirs, reflexive hirself)

1. (rare) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered pronouns he and she
   • 1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, "punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:

     If the child is about the intellectual equal of the parent, sie will eventually start holding hir own in discussions, […]

   • 2010 September 16, Jessica Freely, Amaranth and Ash‎^[1], La Vergne: Lightning Source, →ISBN, page 101:

     "You must be Ash," sie said, hir voice a shade deeper than Amaranth's.

   • 2011 May 19, Ken Wickham, The Other Genders: Androgyne, Genderqueer, Non-Binary Gender Variant‎^[2], CreateSpace, →ISBN, page 7:

     Sie may feel that hir actual identity of hir gender is supposed to be both/neither male or female, outside of gender, third gender, beyond gender, absence of gender, mixing gender, changing gender, or all genders.

   • 2011 August 16, Petra Kuppers, Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape‎^[3], New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, LCCN 2011012058, LCC PN1590.H36 K87 2011, page 18:

     When I asked hir about hir preferred self-identification in this scene, sie offered me this language, 'sie sharply performs the hotness of teasing all the audience from the edge-space of androgyny.'

Alternative forms[edit]

• shi

Synonyms[edit]

• see Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns

Anagrams[edit]

• -ies, -ise, EIS, EIs, ESI, I'se, ISE, ies, sei

Chibcha[edit]

Noun[edit]

sie

1. water

References[edit]

• Comparative Chibchan Phonology (1981)

Finnish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈsie̯/, [ˈs̠ie̞̯]
• Rhymes: -ie
• Syllabification: sie

Pronoun[edit]

sie (stem siu-)

1. (personal, dialectal) you (singular; in archaic English: thou).

Synonyms[edit]

• sinä (standard Finnish)
• sä (colloquial)
• sää (dialectal)

Anagrams[edit]

• eis, esi-, ies, sei

German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• se, -se (enclitic; colloquial)

Pronunciation[edit]

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ziː/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iː

• (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /zə/

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī. Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).

Pronoun[edit]

sie f

1. she

   Ist sie noch krank?

   Is she still sick?

   Das ist meine Katze. Sie heißt Lili.

   This is my cat. Her name is Lili.

2. it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine (die))

   Scheint die Sonne noch? Nein, sie ist schon runtergegangen.

   Is the Sun still shining? No, it has already gone down.

Declension[edit]

• The genitive case ihrer is more and more rarely used in modern German.
• While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of personal pronouns has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.

Related terms[edit]

• hatse (hat + -se)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).

Pronoun[edit]

sie pl

1. they; them

Declension[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

• In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is used only enclitically after a verb, as an ending /zə/. E.g. hamse, könnse. Stressed instances are replaced with the demonstrative pronoun die. This reflects a similar development for es/das.
• While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of a personal pronoun has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.

Anagrams[edit]

• sei
• Eis

Further reading[edit]

• “sie” in Duden online

Hunsrik[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• sii (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old High German siu; cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun[edit]

sie

1. she

Inflection[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun[edit]

sie

1. they

Inflection[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Ingrian[edit]

Noun[edit]

sie

1. binding

Iu Mien[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tsʰje (“hungry”). Cognate with White Hmong tshaib and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] xib.

Adjective[edit]

sie

1. hungry

Karelian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä. Cognates include Finnish sinä and Estonian sina.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈsie̯/

Pronoun[edit]

sie

1. thou, you (singular)

Declension[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

• P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 58

Kven[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Finnish sinä, from Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈsie̯/

Pronoun[edit]

sie

1. thou, you (singular)

Declension[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

• Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 276

Middle Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /siə/, /si/

Pronoun[edit]

sie

1. Alternative form of si (both feminine singular and all plural)

Middle Low German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• Stem vowel: ê⁴
  • IPA^(key): /siə/, /siɛ/

Pronoun[edit]

sie

1. Alternative form of sê.

Old English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /si͜yː/

Verb[edit]

sīe

1. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive of wesan

Old Saxon[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• sia

Pronoun[edit]

sie m or f

1. she (accusative)
2. they

Declension[edit]

Descendants[edit]

• Low German: se

Pennsylvania German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare German sie.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun[edit]

sie

1. she
2. they

Declension[edit]

Romanian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• sieși

Etymology[edit]

From Latin sibi.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi.e/

Pronoun[edit]

sie

1. (rare) (to) himself/herself/itself/themselves (stressed reflexive-dative form of el, ea, ei and ele)

Derived terms[edit]

• sieși

Related terms[edit]

• își (unstressed form)

Venetian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin sex.

Noun[edit]

sie

1. six

German[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• ham (in informal writing)
• han (archaic, dialectal)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German haben, from Old High German habēn (akin to Old Saxon hebbian, Old Norse hafa (Swedish hava/ha), Old Frisian habba, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban), Old English habban), from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”). Cognate with Dutch hebben, English have, Danish have.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈhaːbən/, [ˈhäːbən], [ˈhäːbm̩] (standard)
• IPA^(key): /ham/ (common; particularly in the present tense, occasionally also in the infinitive)

• audio

  (file)

Verb[edit]

haben (irregular, third-person singular present hat, past tense hatte, past participle gehabt, past subjunctive hätte, auxiliary haben)

1. (auxiliary, with a past participle) to have (forms the perfect and past perfect tense)
2. (transitive) to have; to own (to possess, have ownership of; to possess a certain characteristic)
3. (transitive) to have; to hold (to contain within itself/oneself)

   Glaub und hab keine Angst.

   Believe and don't be afraid or Believe and have no fear.

4. (transitive) to have, get (to obtain, acquire)
5. (transitive) to get (to receive)
6. (transitive) to have (to be scheduled to attend)
7. (transitive) to have (to be afflicted with, suffer from)
8. (transitive, of units of measure) to contain, be composed of, equal

   Ein Meter hat 100 Zentimeter.

   There are 100 centimetres in one metre.

   (literally, “One metre has 100 centimetres.”)

9. (impersonal, dialectal, with es) there be, there is, there are

   Es hat zwei Bücher.

   There are two books.

10. (reflexive, colloquial) to make a fuss

    Hab dich nicht so!

    Don't make such a fuss!

11. (colloquial, with es and mit) to be occupied with, to like, to be into

    Ich hab's nich so mit Hunden.

    I'm not a great fan of dogs.

    (literally, “I don't have it that much with dogs.”)

12. (colloquial, with es and von or über) to talk about

    Wir hatten's grad von dir und deiner Freundin.

    We've just been talking about you and your girlfriend.

    (literally, “We just had it about you and your girlfriend.”)

Conjugation[edit]

Colloquially, hab (also written hab') is often used as the first person singular of the present indicative, instead of habe.

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• “haben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Middle English[edit]

Verb[edit]

haben

1. Alternative form of haven (“to have”)

Old High German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną, whence also Old Saxon hebbian, Old English habban, Old Norse hafa, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”), whence also Latin capiō.

Verb[edit]

habēn

1. to have

Conjugation[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

• Middle High German: haben, hān
  • Alemannic German: haa, ha, heen, hoh, hä, häbä, hè

    Swabian: hau

  • Bavarian: hoom, hobm, hobn, hom, ho, hob

    Cimbrian: haban, hen, håm

    Mòcheno: hom

    Northern Bavarian: [hɔm]

  • Central Franconian: hann

    Hunsrik: hon

    Kölsch: han

    Luxembourgish: hunn

  • East Central German:

    Erzgebirgisch: hamm

    Upper Saxon: ham, hom

    Vilamovian: hon

  • East Franconian: [Term?]
  • German: haben

    Berlinerisch: ham

    Ruhrpott: habn

  • Rhine Franconian:

    Frankfurterisch: [havə]; [hɑvə], [hɔvə] (older)

    Palatine German: hann, hawwe, hunn

    Pennsylvania German: hawwe

    Upper Hessian: hu, hunn

  • Yiddish: האָבן‎ (hobn)